Credit card processing and merchant services in the United States
Visa caps credit card surcharges at 3%, Mastercard at 4%, and some states go further. Here's how the national and state rules fit together, with the official sources.
Three layers of rules decide how a US business can take card payments. The card networks write the first one. Visa and Mastercard publish the interchange rates your processor passes along, and they cap credit card surcharges: Visa at 3%, Mastercard at 4%, and neither lets you charge more than your own cost to accept the card. Federal law adds the second layer, including the Regulation II cap on what large banks can earn when your customers pay by debit. The states write the third, and that's where the map gets patchy.
Connecticut bans surcharges for any payment method. Massachusetts bans them on credit cards. Colorado allows them but caps them at 2% or your actual processing fee, and it spells out the wording your sign has to use. Sales tax is just as local: each state sets its own rate, many let cities and counties add theirs on top, and some states, including Delaware and Oregon, have no general sales tax at all.
The table below shows where each state stands, and each state page links the statute or agency guidance behind its status. A terminal setup that's fine in one state can break the law one state over, so it's worth five minutes before you change how you charge.
Here's where Clearo fits. We price card processing on interchange-plus, so your statement shows what the card networks charge and what we charge, line by line. You won't sign a long-term contract or pay a fee to cancel, and every US account is assigned a dedicated rep. If you're thinking about a surcharging program, we check your state's rules before anything goes live.
Not sure what you pay today? Send us a recent statement for a free statement review and we'll show your effective rate and the fees worth questioning.
Facts on this page were last checked on October 6, 2026.
Rules that apply across the United States
National card network and federal rules apply everywhere in the United States. Each state can add its own rules on top, listed in the table below.
Visa credit card surcharges
Visa caps a credit card surcharge at your merchant discount rate for that card or 3%, whichever is lower. You must notify your acquirer, the bank or processor that handles your card payments, at least 30 days before you start.
Post the surcharge at the point of entry and the point of sale, and show it as a separate charge on every receipt. Visa debit and prepaid cards can't be surcharged, even when a debit cardholder chooses "credit" at the terminal.
Sources: Visa, U.S. Merchant Surcharge Q and A; Visa, Credit card processing fees and interchange rates
Mastercard credit card surcharges
Mastercard caps a brand-level surcharge at the lower of your average effective merchant discount rate for Mastercard credit or 4%. Debit Mastercard and Mastercard prepaid cards can't be surcharged.
Mastercard says it isn't currently requiring merchants to register their intent to surcharge while it revises its notification rules, so confirm the current process with your processor before you start.
Sources: Mastercard, Credit card surcharge rules and fees for merchants; Mastercard, Submit merchant surcharge form
State law can be stricter
The network caps are a ceiling, and state law can lower it or rule surcharges out. Connecticut bars a surcharge on any method of payment, Massachusetts bars surcharges on credit cards, and Colorado caps them at 2% or your merchant discount fee and sets the wording of the required sign.
The table below shows each state's status, and each state page links its source.
Sources: Connecticut Department of Consumer Protection, What is the Connecticut surcharge law; Massachusetts General Laws, Chapter 140D, Section 28A; Colorado General Assembly, SB21-091 Credit transaction charge limitations
Debit cards and Regulation II
Federal Regulation II caps the interchange that large card issuers, those with $10 billion or more in assets, can receive on a debit transaction: 21 cents plus 0.05% of the sale, plus a 1 cent fraud-prevention adjustment for issuers that qualify. Smaller issuers are exempt from the cap.
On a $100 sale, that cap comes to 27 cents. On a $5 coffee, the same formula comes to about 22 cents, a far bigger share of a small sale.
Sources: Federal Reserve, Regulation II: Debit card interchange fees and routing; Federal Reserve, Regulation II interchange fee standards: small issuer exemption
The FTC's fee rule for tickets and lodging
The FTC's Rule on Unfair or Deceptive Fees took effect on May 12, 2025. It covers businesses that offer, display, or advertise live-event tickets or short-term lodging, and it requires them to show the total price, including mandatory fees, upfront.
If you sell in those industries, get advice on how a card fee fits with the prices you advertise.
Sources: FTC, FTC rule on unfair or deceptive fees to take effect on May 12, 2025; FTC, The rule on unfair or deceptive fees: frequently asked questions
Sales tax at checkout
Sales tax is set by each state, and many states let cities and counties add their own rates on top, so the right rate depends on where the sale happens. Delaware has no state or local sales tax, and Oregon has no general sales tax.
Each state page lists the state rate with its source. Set your terminals and online checkout before you go live.
Sources: Delaware Division of Revenue, Learn about gross receipts taxes; Oregon Department of Revenue, Sales tax in Oregon
Card payment rules by state
A quick view of where credit card surcharges are allowed and how sales tax is set up. Open a state for the details and the official sources.
| State | Credit card surcharges | Sales tax |
|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Surcharging allowed We found no Alabama law capping card surcharges; Visa's 3% and Mastercard's 4% caps and the debit card ban apply. | 4% state rate, plus local |
| Arizona | Surcharging allowed No Arizona statute bans or caps them; Visa caps them at 3% and Mastercard at 4%, and debit cards are excluded. | 5.6% state TPT, plus local |
| Arkansas | Surcharging allowed No Arkansas statute caps surcharges; the Attorney General says they apply to credit cards only, under card network rules. | 6.5% state rate, plus local |
| California | Allowed with limits The 1748.1 ban was never repealed, but the Attorney General generally follows the 2018 Italian Colors ruling; card network caps apply. | 7.25% base rate, plus district taxes |
| Colorado | Allowed with limits Allowed on credit cards since July 2022, capped at 2% or your actual merchant discount fee, with set sign wording. No debit. | 2.9% state rate, plus local |
| Connecticut | Surcharging prohibited Connecticut bans surcharges on every payment method; a clearly posted cash discount is the legal alternative. | 6.35% statewide, no local tax |
| Delaware | Surcharging allowed No Delaware law limits surcharges; Visa's 3% and Mastercard's 4% caps apply, and debit can't be surcharged. | No sales tax (gross receipts tax) |
| Florida | Allowed with limits Florida's statute still bans surcharges, but the Attorney General says courts struck it down. Disclose any credit card fee. | 6% state rate, plus county surtax |
| Georgia | Surcharging allowed No Georgia law caps retail card surcharges; Visa's 3% and Mastercard's 4% network caps apply. | 4% state rate, plus local |
| Idaho | Surcharging allowed No Idaho law bans or caps them, so card network caps apply; on taxable sales, the fee itself may be taxable. | 6% state sales tax |
| Illinois | Surcharging allowed No Illinois statute caps surcharges, so Visa's 3% and Mastercard's 4% limits apply; the 1% cap often quoted came from a bill that died. | 6.25% state rate, plus local |
| Indiana | Surcharging allowed Indiana has no surcharge statute, so card network rules govern: up to 3% on Visa, 4% on Mastercard, and never on debit or prepaid cards. | 7% state rate |
| Iowa | Surcharging allowed No Iowa statute limits credit card surcharges, so Visa's 3% and Mastercard's 4% caps and the debit card ban set the rules. | 6% state, plus 1% local option |
| Kansas | Allowed with limits Kansas allows credit card surcharges if you disclose the amount at the point of entry or sale first; network caps of 3% and 4% apply. | 6.5% state rate, plus local |
| Kentucky | Surcharging allowed Kentucky has no surcharge statute we've found, so network rules apply: 3% on Visa, 4% on Mastercard, none on debit. | 6%, no local sales tax |
| Louisiana | Surcharging allowed No state cap on credit card surcharges, but Louisiana has banned debit card surcharges since August 1, 2026. | 5% state rate, plus parish |
| Maine | Surcharging prohibited Maine bans surcharges on both credit and debit card payments; discounts for paying cash or check are allowed. | 5.5% state rate |
| Maryland | Surcharging allowed No Maryland law caps surcharges (there's no 4% state cap); Visa's 3% and Mastercard's 4% caps still apply. | 6% state rate |
| Massachusetts | Surcharging prohibited Massachusetts bans credit card surcharges; a discount for paying cash or check is the lawful alternative. | 6.25% state rate |
| Michigan | Surcharging allowed Michigan's Attorney General says no state law restricts card surcharges; Visa and Mastercard caps and their debit card ban still apply. | 6% statewide, no local tax |
| Minnesota | Allowed with limits Minnesota allows credit card surcharges up to 5% with spoken and posted notice; Visa's 3% and Mastercard's 4% caps are lower. | 6.875% state rate, plus local |
| Mississippi | Surcharging allowed We found no Mississippi surcharge statute; Visa (3%) and Mastercard (4%) caps and the debit card ban apply. | 7% regular state rate |
| Missouri | Surcharging allowed Missouri has no surcharge statute; Visa's 3% and Mastercard's 4% caps, disclosure rules and the debit card ban set the limits. | 4.225% state rate, plus local |
| Montana | Surcharging allowed No Montana statute caps them, despite a 3% cap quoted online; card network caps and the debit ban still apply. | None, except local resort taxes |
| Nebraska | Surcharging allowed We found no Nebraska surcharge statute; Visa's 3% and Mastercard's 4% caps apply, and debit and prepaid cards can't be surcharged. | 5.5% state rate, plus local |
| Nevada | Surcharging allowed No Nevada statute bans or caps them; Visa and Mastercard caps, posted signs and itemized receipts still apply. | 6.85% minimum statewide rate |
| New Hampshire | Surcharging allowed No New Hampshire law limits surcharges; Visa's 3% and Mastercard's 4% caps, notice and receipt rules apply. | No sales tax; 8.5% meals and rooms |
| New Jersey | Allowed with limits Credit card surcharges are capped at your actual processing cost and must be disclosed before the customer pays. | 6.625% state rate |
| New Mexico | Surcharging allowed No state surcharge law found, so card network caps apply: 3% for Visa, 4% for Mastercard, or your cost if lower. No debit. | 4.875% state GRT, plus local |
| New York | Allowed with limits Surcharges can't exceed what the card company charges you, and you must post the total price for paying by card. | 4% state rate, plus local |
| North Carolina | Surcharging allowed No North Carolina surcharge statute that we've found; Visa caps credit surcharges at 3% and Mastercard at 4%. | 4.75% state rate, plus county |
| North Dakota | Surcharging allowed North Dakota has no surcharge statute; card network caps of 3% for Visa and 4% for Mastercard apply, and debit can't be surcharged. | 5% state rate, plus local |
| Ohio | Surcharging allowed No Ohio statute restricts credit card surcharges; the card networks cap them at 3% (Visa) and 4% (Mastercard) and bar them on debit. | 5.75% state rate, plus local |
| Oklahoma | Allowed with limits Allowed on credit cards since Nov. 1, 2025, capped at 2% or your actual processing cost, whichever is less, with posted notice. | 4.5% state rate, plus local |
| Oregon | Surcharging allowed No Oregon law bans or caps them; Visa and Mastercard caps, posted notice and the ban on debit surcharges still apply. | No general sales tax |
| Pennsylvania | Surcharging allowed No Pennsylvania law limits surcharges; Visa's 3% and Mastercard's 4% caps and the disclosure rules apply. | 6% state, plus 1% to 2% local |
| Rhode Island | Surcharging allowed No Rhode Island law limits surcharges; Visa's 3% and Mastercard's 4% caps apply, and debit cards are off limits. | 7% state rate |
| South Carolina | Surcharging allowed South Carolina has no surcharge statute we've found; network caps and the debit card ban set the limits. | 6% state rate, plus local |
| South Dakota | Surcharging allowed No South Dakota statute caps surcharges; network caps apply, and Visa's 3% is lower than the 4% in the state's consumer guidance. | 4.2% state rate, plus municipal |
| Tennessee | Surcharging allowed No Tennessee surcharge statute we've found; network caps apply, and fees must be disclosed before the customer pays. | 7% state rate, plus local |
| Texas | Allowed with limits Ban still in the statute; a 2018 ruling covers surcharges at or below cost. Debit surcharges are banned. Get legal advice first. | 6.25% state rate, plus up to 2% local |
| Utah | Surcharging allowed No Utah statute caps them; disclose the exact fee before purchase and stay within the Visa and Mastercard caps. | 4.85% state rate, plus local |
| Vermont | Surcharging allowed No Vermont law limits surcharges; Visa's 3% and Mastercard's 4% caps, notice and receipt rules still apply. | 6% state rate, plus 1% local option |
| Virginia | Surcharging allowed No Virginia surcharge cap, but since July 1, 2025 displayed prices must include any mandatory fee or surcharge. | 5.3% general; 6% to 7% in some areas |
| Washington | Surcharging allowed No Washington statute limits them, so the card network caps, posted notice and the no-debit rule are what apply. | 6.5% state rate, plus local |
| Washington, DC | Surcharging allowed No DC law limits credit card surcharges; Visa's 3% and Mastercard's 4% caps and disclosure rules still apply. | 6% through Sept. 30, 2027 |
| West Virginia | Surcharging allowed West Virginia has no surcharge statute we've found; card network caps (3% Visa, 4% Mastercard) apply. | 6% state rate, plus 1% in some cities |
| Wisconsin | Surcharging allowed No Wisconsin statute limits credit card surcharges, and state law bars card issuers from blocking cash discounts; network caps apply. | 5% state rate, plus county |
| Wyoming | Surcharging allowed No Wyoming statute restricts them; Visa and Mastercard caps, disclosure rules and the debit ban are the limits. | 4% state rate, plus county |
Cities we cover in the United States
- Huntsville, AL
- Birmingham, AL
- Montgomery, AL
- Mobile, AL
- Tuscaloosa, AL
- Phoenix, AZ
- Tucson, AZ
- Mesa, AZ
- Scottsdale, AZ
- Chandler, AZ
- Gilbert, AZ
- Little Rock, AR
- Los Angeles, CA
- San Diego, CA
- San Francisco, CA
- San Jose, CA
- Sacramento, CA
- Fresno, CA
- Long Beach, CA
- Oakland, CA
- Bakersfield, CA
- Anaheim, CA
- Riverside, CA
- Irvine, CA
- Stockton, CA
- Denver, CO
- Colorado Springs, CO
- Aurora, CO
- Fort Collins, CO
- Lakewood, CO
- Thornton, CO
- Bridgeport, CT
- New Haven, CT
- Stamford, CT
- Hartford, CT
- Waterbury, CT
- Wilmington, DE
- Jacksonville, FL
- Miami, FL
- Tampa, FL
- Orlando, FL
- St. Petersburg, FL
- Tallahassee, FL
- Fort Lauderdale, FL
- Port St. Lucie, FL
- Cape Coral, FL
- Atlanta, GA
- Savannah, GA
- Augusta, GA
- Columbus, GA
- Macon, GA
- Athens, GA
- Boise, ID
- Meridian, ID
- Nampa, ID
- Chicago, IL
- Springfield, IL
- Naperville, IL
- Aurora, IL
- Joliet, IL
- Elgin, IL
- Indianapolis, IN
- Fort Wayne, IN
- Evansville, IN
- South Bend, IN
- Des Moines, IA
- Cedar Rapids, IA
- Wichita, KS
- Overland Park, KS
- Kansas City, KS
- Olathe, KS
- Topeka, KS
- Louisville, KY
- Lexington, KY
- New Orleans, LA
- Baton Rouge, LA
- Shreveport, LA
- Lafayette, LA
- Portland, ME
- Baltimore, MD
- Boston, MA
- Worcester, MA
- Springfield, MA
- Cambridge, MA
- Lowell, MA
- Brockton, MA
- Detroit, MI
- Grand Rapids, MI
- Ann Arbor, MI
- Lansing, MI
- Warren, MI
- Sterling Heights, MI
- Minneapolis, MN
- St. Paul, MN
- Rochester, MN
- Jackson, MS
- Kansas City, MO
- St. Louis, MO
- Springfield, MO
- Columbia, MO
- Lee's Summit, MO
- Billings, MT
- Omaha, NE
- Lincoln, NE
- Las Vegas, NV
- Reno, NV
- Henderson, NV
- North Las Vegas, NV
- Sparks, NV
- Manchester, NH
- Newark, NJ
- Jersey City, NJ
- Paterson, NJ
- Elizabeth, NJ
- Albuquerque, NM
- Las Cruces, NM
- Rio Rancho, NM
- New York City, NY
- Buffalo, NY
- Rochester, NY
- Syracuse, NY
- Albany, NY
- Yonkers, NY
- Charlotte, NC
- Raleigh, NC
- Greensboro, NC
- Durham, NC
- Winston-Salem, NC
- Fayetteville, NC
- Cary, NC
- Fargo, ND
- Columbus, OH
- Cleveland, OH
- Cincinnati, OH
- Toledo, OH
- Akron, OH
- Dayton, OH
- Oklahoma City, OK
- Tulsa, OK
- Norman, OK
- Broken Arrow, OK
- Portland, OR
- Salem, OR
- Eugene, OR
- Gresham, OR
- Hillsboro, OR
- Philadelphia, PA
- Pittsburgh, PA
- Allentown, PA
- Providence, RI
- Charleston, SC
- Columbia, SC
- North Charleston, SC
- Sioux Falls, SD
- Nashville, TN
- Memphis, TN
- Knoxville, TN
- Chattanooga, TN
- Clarksville, TN
- Murfreesboro, TN
- Houston, TX
- Dallas, TX
- Austin, TX
- San Antonio, TX
- Fort Worth, TX
- El Paso, TX
- Arlington, TX
- Corpus Christi, TX
- Plano, TX
- Lubbock, TX
- Laredo, TX
- Irving, TX
- Frisco, TX
- Amarillo, TX
- Salt Lake City, UT
- Provo, UT
- West Valley City, UT
- West Jordan, UT
- Burlington, VT
- Virginia Beach, VA
- Richmond, VA
- Norfolk, VA
- Chesapeake, VA
- Newport News, VA
- Alexandria, VA
- Seattle, WA
- Spokane, WA
- Tacoma, WA
- Vancouver, WA
- Bellevue, WA
- Kent, WA
- Charleston, WV
- Milwaukee, WI
- Madison, WI
- Green Bay, WI
- Cheyenne, WY
Payment services we provide
Guides for merchants in the United States
All guidesFees and pricing
Cheapest credit card processing: do the math first
The cheapest credit card processing depends on your volume, ticket size and card mix. See the effective-rate math for flat, tiered and interchange-plus quotes.
Fees and pricing
What are interchange fees, and who gets the money?
What are interchange fees? The cut of each card sale paid to the card-issuing bank. Who sets them, what moves the rate, and how they show on your statement.
Surcharging and cash discount
Dual pricing: what it is and how it differs from surcharging
Dual pricing posts a card price and a cash price for every item. How it differs from surcharging and cash discounts, which rules apply, and how to display it.
Common questions
Is it legal to add a credit card surcharge in the US?
In most states, yes, within the card network limits: Visa caps surcharges at 3% and Mastercard at 4%, and neither lets you charge more than your own cost of acceptance. Some states go further. Connecticut and Massachusetts ban them, and Colorado caps them at 2%. Check your state's page before you start.
Can I charge a fee when customers pay with a debit card?
Not under Visa or Mastercard rules. Neither network allows a surcharge on debit or prepaid cards, even when a debit cardholder picks "credit" at the terminal. Debit is often cheaper to accept anyway: on cards from large banks, Regulation II caps interchange at 21 cents plus 0.05% of the sale, plus 1 cent.
Do I need to notify anyone before I start surcharging?
For Visa, yes: notify your acquirer at least 30 days before you start. Mastercard says it isn't currently requiring merchants to register their intent while it revises its rules, so ask your processor what it needs. State laws can add their own requirements, such as Colorado's required sign wording.
How do I set the right sales tax rate on my terminal?
Start with the state rate on your state's page, then add any city or county rate where the sale happens; your state revenue department publishes those local rates. Delaware has no state or local sales tax and Oregon has no general sales tax, so businesses there don't add one at their own checkout.
Does Clearo work with businesses across the US?
Yes. Clearo works with merchants across the US and Canada, with interchange-plus pricing, no long-term contract, no cancellation fees, and a dedicated rep for every account. Find your state in the table above for its rules, or book a call and tell us where you sell.
Looking for the other side of the border?
Disclaimer: general information, not professional advice
This page is general educational information, not legal, tax, accounting or financial advice. Rules and rates vary by place and change, so confirm them with the official source and a qualified professional before you act. Full terms are in our Terms of Service.
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